| Abstract | Henriette Theodora Markovitch, umjetničkog imena Dora Maar, najistaknutija je umjetnica nadrealizma 20. stoljeća. Eksperimentirajući s fotografijama i fotomontažom ubrzo postiže sjajne rezultate i postaje poznata modna fotografkinja. Dorino djelovanje, barem za širu javnost, pomalo pada u sjenu nakon početka veze s Picassom.
Cilj ovoga rada je istražiti opus Dore Maar i utjecaje već spomenute veze, ali i događaja iz života na njezino stvaranje. Ova umjetnica, s obzirom na hrvatske korijene, bila je u kontaktu s hrvatskim umjetnicima toga razdoblja. Također, bila je iznimno cjenjena u krugu nadrealista te je predstavljala svoja djela na mnogo inozemnih izložbi nadrealizma. Po završetku drugog svjetskog rata Dora snima fotografije na ulicama Pariza, Londona i Barcelone, ostavljajući za sobom razdoblje modne fotografije. U ovom radu njezina djela predstavljena su po segmentima te uključuju neka manje poznatija djela autorice. Prikazane su različite faze njezinog djelovanja, čime je omogućen uvid u raznolikost njezina opusa, čime se dobiva uvid koliko je zaista Picasso utjecao na Doru Maar.
Najcjelovitiji prikaz opusa Dore Maar vidljiv je na izložbi u Tate Modern Gallery u Londonu (20. 11. 2019.-15. 3. 2020) sadržanoj u 9 prostorija koje kronološki prate njezin život i profesionalno djelovanje, a u ovom radu popraćena je svaka od njih.
Analizirajući djela Dore Maar može se zaključiti kako njezin izuzetno bogat opus možemo podijeliti na razdoblje prije i poslije Picassa. Prije veze s Picassom afirmirala se kao poznata modna fotografkinja s izrazito velikim tehničkim poznavanjem rada i tehnika u studiju. Njezine fotografije ulica, proizašle iz želje za slobodom, obiluju snažnim emocijama koje se iščitavaju s lica likova, a Dora ih je postigla određenim kutovima snimanja
Za vrijeme veze s poznatim umjetnikom, fokus njezina djelovanja bio je na fotografiranju Picassa, čime dobivamo sjajan uvid u nastanak njegovih djela. Iako djela iz kasnijeg razdoblja odražavaju istu kvalitetu, ali i želju za eksperimentiranjem, vidljiva je značajna promjena. Kasnija djela nastaju u osami, ne snima više ljudske likove već eksperimentira s kućanskim predmetima, te u jednoj fazi čak počinje slikati ulja na platnu. U ovom radu prikazane su sve faze Dore Maar, od perspektivne mlade umjetnice koja radi za modne i erotske časopise, preko ostavljene žene koja slika u osami, do finalnih eksperimenata s fotogramima nastalim bez kamere. |
| Abstract (english) | Henriette Theodora Markovitch, known as Dora Maar, was the most prominent artist of 20th-century Surrealism. By experimenting with photography and photomontage, she soon achieved great results and became a well-known fashion photographer. Dora's work, at least for the general public, falls somewhat into the shadows after the beginning of her relationship with Picasso.
The aim of this work is to explore the opus of Dora Maar and the influences of her already mentioned connection with Picasso, but also the events of her life on her artistic production. This artist, with regard to her Croatian roots, was in contact with Croatian artists of the period. She was also highly regarded in Surrealist circles and represented her works in many foreign Surrealist exhibitions. At the end of the Second World War, Dora took photos on the streets of Paris, London, and Barcelona, leaving behind herself a series of works in the field of fashion photography. In this paper her works are presented by segments and include some lesser known artworks by Dora Maar. The various stages of her work are presented, allowing an insight into the diversity of her oeuvre, giving an insight into how much indeed Picasso influenced Dora Maar.
Dora Maar's oeuvre was most fully displayed in the artist’s exhibition at the Tate Modern Gallery in London (November 20, 2019 - March 15, 2020) and was featured in nine rooms that chronologically track her life and professional activity. In this paper is accompanied by each of them.
By analyzing the works of Dora Maar, one can conclude that her extremely rich oeuvre can be divided into the period before and after Picasso.. Before her relationship with Picasso, she established herself as a well-known fashion photographer with an extremely extensive technical knowledge of working progress and techniques in the studio. Her street photographs, derived from a desire for freedom, abound in powerful emotions that are read from the faces of the characters, and Dora has achieved them with certain angles of filming
During her relationship with the famous artist, the focus of her work was on photographing Picasso, giving us a great insight into the emergence of his works. Although works from the later period reflect the same quality and the same desire for experimentation, a significant change is visible in her later works which are created in seclusion; they no longer capture human characters but experiment with household objects. At one point, Dora even began to create oil paintings. This work depicts all the stages of Dora Maar’s work, from a
promising young artist working for fashion and erotic magazines, to an abandoned woman painting in seclusion, to her final experiments with photograms created without a camera. |
