Oral helath is an inevitable part of general health and an important factor in the overall quality of life. The teeth and the lumbar cavity have many functions that allow an individual basic activities such as eating food, communication and socialization without feeling pain or discomfort. Many factors, such as oral hygiene, lifestyle, economic status, visit to the dentist, affect oral health. It can be said that oral oral hygiene is one of the most important measures to preserve and improve oral health. Only proper and regular oral hygiene can, in the future, provide the best protection and prevention from major dental problems. From the earliest age, children need to learn about the importance of oral hygiene. Apart from the fact that parents need to be involved in the development of oral hygiene habits, they should also be teachers. During the school period, important attitudes and habits of oral hygiene are gained. Whether pupils gained good habits of oral hygiene already in early school age and the facts about maintaining the health at all, it will enable them to lead a more quality and fulfilling life because they will be healthy and capable of fulfilling all their needs and obligations. The aim of this study was to examine the oral hygiene habits of lower primary school pupils, the persistence of statistically significant differences in oral health care between girls and boys and the persistence of statistically significant differences in oral hygiene between 1st and 2nd grade students and 3rd and 4th grade students of primary schools. The study was attended by pupils of the first, second, third and fourth grades of Primary School "Stjepan Radić" in Imotski. The instrument research was an anonymous survey examining the oral hygiene habits of lower primary school pupils. Research has shown that lower primary school pupils have developed proper oral hygiene habits. It has been established that there is a statistically significant difference in the performance of oral hygiene between girls and boys, or it has been shown that girls have better habits in implementing oral hygiene. Also, the results of the research have shown that 3rd and 4th grade primary students have better developed oral hygiene habits than 1st and 2nd grade students. Improvement of the dental healthcare system in Croatia with new strategies for prevention and preservation of oral health and the introduction of better educational content in the education system will certainly contribute to better preservation and improvement of oral health of children and adults.