| Abstract | Istraživanje je provedeno s ciljem utvrĎivanja razlika antropoloških značajki
izmeĎu različitih skupina rukometašica kadetskog uzrasta podijeljenih prema igračkoj
kvaliteti i igračkim pozicijama. Obuhvaćena su morfološka, motorička i psihosocijalna
obilježja antropoloških dimenzija, posebno onih koje su u dosadašnjim istraživanjima
prepoznate kao relevantne za mlade rukometašice.
Istraživanje je provedeno na 70 rukometašica prosječne dobi 15,31 godinu koje su
prema poziciji u igri podijeljene na vratarke, vanjske igračice, krilne igračice i pivotmene.
TakoĎer su prema kvaliteti u igri podijeljene na dvije kvalitativne skupine igračica i to one
koje spadaju u širu reprezentativnu skupinu igračica pa su okarakterizirane kao vrhunske
rukometašice u RH i one koje nikada nisu bile pozvane u kadetsku reprezentaciju pa ih
možemo tretirati da su manje kvalitetne, odnosno prosječne rukometašice.
Analizirajući dobivene rezultate u prostoru morfoloških karakteristika, utvrĎena je
razlika u veličini šake kod kvalitetnijih u odnosu na prosječne rukometašica. Kada
promatramo razlike morfoloških značajki po igračkim pozicijama, vidljivo je se da su
pivotmeni, vanjski igrači i vratari dominantno i naglašeno dimenzionirani u mjerama
skeleta za razliku od krilnih igrača.
U bazičnom motoričkom prostoru su dobivene izraženije vrijednosti kod kvalitetnije
skupine u većem broju varijabli, a posebice je izražena u testovima za procjenu brzine,
eksplozivne i repetitivne snage i agilnosti. Obzirom na igračke pozicije, najizraženije su
razlike izmeĎu vratara i krilnih pozicija i to u fleksibilnosti koja je razvijenija u vratara i
koordinaciji koja je razvijenija kod igračica na krilnim pozicijama. Nadalje, u varijabli
kojom se procjenjuje eksplozivna snaga tipa sprinta dominiraju igračice na krilnim
pozicijama. Poznato je da su igračicama na krilnim pozicijama glavni zadaci u igri brzi
prijelazi iz faze obrane u napad, te u pretrčavanju protivničkih obrana pa je pretpostavka
da su iz tog razloga i njihovi rezultati u testu sprinta na 20m bili najbolji. Za razliku od
njih, vratari imaju potpuno drugačije zadatke u igri. U testovima agilnosti dominiraju
vanjski igrači, a potom krila što se pripisuje zahtjevima i ulozi tih pozicija, koje obiluju
maksimalno brzim promjenama pravca kretanja u otežanim dinamičkim uvjetima te
sposobnosti brzog restrukturiranja kretnih sadržaja pa su i navedeni podaci očekivani.
Promatrajući Eysenckove temeljne crte ličnosti ne postoje razlike u dobivenim
rezultatima izmeĎu igračke kvalitete u dvijema skupinama igračica. UtvrĎeno je da se
ispitanice razlikuju samo u sklonosti disimulacije (tj. u namjernom prikrivanju stvarnih
nedostataka). Pretpostavlja se kako kvalitetnije rukometašice imaju bolju sliku o sebi i veće
samopoštovanje, što bi iskreno odgovaranje na pitanja moglo narušiti. TakoĎer je uočeno
da vratari imaju više rezultate u introverziji od ostalih pozicija u igri. Pretpostavlja se kako
je njegova prostorna izoliranost u dugogodišnjem procesu sportske pripreme vjerojatno
utjecala na mehanizme koji su u podlozi osobine introverzija-ekstraverzija.
Inspekcijom sociološkog prostora rukometašica u odnosu na kvalitet u igri uočeno
je da kvalitetnije rukometašice imaju veću roditeljsku potporu pri bavljenju rukometom od
prosječnih, te da su češće bile ozljeĎivane tijekom sportske karijere što možemo pripisati
trenažnoj i natjecateljskoj dobi (dužem igračkom stažu, većem broju utakmica kroz klubski
angažman i reprezentativne selekcije). Osim toga pretpostavka je da su kvalitetnije igračice
fizički agresivnije u duelu s protivnikom te imaju veće provedeno vrijeme u igri te samim
tim i veću mogućnost ozljeĎivanja od prosječnih rukometašica.
Očigledno je kako su sva antropološka obilježja višestruko povezana, te da se
isprepliću i imaju meĎusobni utjecaj. Gotovo je nemoguće izolirano promatrati samo jedno
antropološko obilježje kao prediktor igračkoj kvaliteti ili razlici prema pozicijama a da se
pri tome nema u vidu cjelina koja je bitno više od zbroja antropoloških dimenzija. Stoga
objašnjenja treba tražiti u cjelovitosti sportaševa potencijala, a ne u izoliranim
antropološkim karakteristikama. |
| Abstract (english) | The research was conducted with the purpose of establishing differences in
anthropological features between different groups of female cadet handball players divided
by their playing quality and playing positions. It includes morphological, motor and
psycho-social characteristics of anthropological dimensions, particularly those which were
recognized as relevant for young handball players in previous researches.
The research was conducted on 70 handball players with the average age of 15,31
who were grouped according to their playing positions into goalkeepers, outer, wing and
pivot players. Further on, according to their playing quality, they were divided into two
quality groups of players: those included in the wider national team, and therefore
characterised as top players in the Republic of Croatia, and those who had never been
invited into the cadet national team, and thus can be treated as less quality i.e. as average
handball players.
By analysing the obtained results in the domain of morphological characteristics,
we established the difference in the size of the fist in quality players compared to the
average ones. When observing the differences in morphological characteristics based on
playing positions, it is obvious that pivots, outer players and goalkeepers, unlike wing
players, are dominantly and markedly dimensioned in skeleton measurements.
In the basic motor domain, we obtained more expressed values in the quality group
in the larger number of variables, particularly stressed in the tests to assess speed,
explosive and repetitive power and agility. Regarding playing positions, the differences are
mostly expressed between goalkeepers and wing players in flexibility, which is more
developed in goalkeepers, and coordination, which is more developed in wing players.
Further on, the variable to assess explosive power of sprint type is dominated by players in
wing positions. It is well-known the main tasks of the players in wing positions are quick
turnovers from the defence to attack phase and run over of the opponents’ defences, so we
may assume this is the reason their results in 20-metres sprint testing were the best. Unlike
them, goalkeepers have completely different tasks in the game. The agility tests are
dominated by outer players, followed by wing players, which is caused by the demands and
the roles of these playing positions, overflowed with maximally fast changes of direction
course in difficult dynamic conditions and the abilities to quickly restructure movement
contents, therefore the obtained results were expected as well.
Observing Eysenck’s basic personality characteristics, there are no differences in
the obtained results between the playing quality in the two groups of players. It was
determined that the respondents differ only in their tendency to dissimulate (i.e. intentional
covering of the actual weaknesses). We may assume more quality players have a better
image of themselves and more self-respect, which could be harmed by answering the
questions truthfully. It has also been discovered that goalkeepers have higher results in
introversion than other playing positions. It is assumed that their space isolation in the
long-term process of sport preparation probably influenced mechanisms which are the
basis for introversion-extroversion characteristics.
By inspecting the sociological domain of the handball players regarding the playing
quality, it was discovered that quality players have more parental support in exercising
handball than the average ones and were more frequently injured during their sport career
which is caused by their training and competitive age (years of playing, a larger number of
matches through the club engagement and through national team selection). In addition to
this, we may assume that quality players are physically more aggressive in duels with their
opponents and spend more time in the game which creates more opportunities to get
injured than in the average players.
It is evident all the anthropological features are repeatedly connected; they
intertwine and have mutual influence. It is nearly impossible to view in isolation just one
anthropological feature as a predictor for playing quality or the difference towards the
positions without taking into consideration the entity on the whole, which is much more
than the sum of anthropological dimensions. Therefore, the explanations should be found in
the integrity of an athlete’s potential and not in isolated anthropological features. |
