| Abstract | Cilj istraživanja: Cilj istraživanja je utvrditi vrste i učestalost korištenja imunokromatografskih POC testova za dokazivanje uzročnika respiratornih i gastrointestinalnih infekcija u Kliničkom zavodu za mikrobiologiju i parazitologiju KBC Split u periodu od 1.1.2020. do 31.12.2020.
Materijal i metode: U ovom retrospektivnom istraživanju korišteni su podaci iz Kliničkog zavoda za mikrobiologiju i parazitologiju KBC Split o upotrebi POC imunokromatografskih testova (Biogen, Zagreb, Hrvatska) za dijagnostiku infektivnih bolesti. Obrađeni podaci odnose se na infektivne bolesti respiratornog i probavnog trakta koje su uzrokovane bakterijama i virusima. Uzročnici respiratornih infekcija uključeni u ispitivanje su respiratorni adenovirusi, RSV, S. pyogenes, influenca A i B i SARS-CoV-2. Uzorci korišteni za testiranje bili su aspirat nazofarinksa, bris nazofarinksa, bris ždrijela i ispirak nazofarinksa. Uključeni uzročnici gastrointestinalnih infekcija su crijevni adenovirusi, H. pylori, norovirus, rotavirus i C. difficile. Korišteni uzorak za testiranje bila je stolica pacijenta. Podaci su obrađivani u programskom paketu Office (Microsoft, Redmond, WA).
Rezultati: Ukupno je napravljeno 1745 POC imunokromatografskih testova za dokaz uzročnika respiratornih infekcija. Najviše testova je napravljeno za dokaz antigena influence A i B (554), a najmanje za dokaz antigena SARS-CoV-2 (31). Najveći udio pozitivnih rezultata bio je za antigen SARS-CoV-2 (29,03%), a najmanji udio pozitivnih je dobiven za antigene respiratornih adenovirusa (1,85%). Uočena je razlika u udjelima pozitivnih rezultata s obzirom na korišteni uzorak: za adenoviruse na aspiratu nazofarinksa (18,18%) u odnosu na bris nazofarinksa (0,41%) te za RSV na aspiratu nazofarinksa (9,09%) u odnosu na bris nazofarinksa (21,95%). Ukupan broj testova za gastrointestinalne uzročnike u 2020. godini iznosio je 6067. Najveći udio pozitivnih bio je za dokaz toksigenog C. difficile (24,51%), a najmanji za crijevne adenoviruse (1,57%). Najveći broj testova, 1685, napravljen je za C. difficile, a za ostale uzročnike je napravljen približno sličan broj testova.
Zaključak: U 2020. godini u KBC Split napravljeno je više POC imunokromatografskih testova za dokaz uzročnika gastrointestinalnih infekcija. Najviše je testova napravljeno za dokaz toksigenog C. difficile. Najmanje testova bilo je za SARS-CoV-2 virus i S. pyogenes. Najveći udjeli pozitivnih rezultata dobiveni su za SARS-CoV-2 i C. difficile, a najmanji za respiratorne i crijevne adenoviruse. |
| Abstract (english) | Objective: The aim of the research was to establish the frequency of usage as well as the variability of immunochromatographic POC tests for determining the causes of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections at the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology of the University Hospital of Split from 1.1.2020. until 31.12.2020.
Material and methods: The basis for carrying out this retrospective research was the data on the usage of POC immunochromatographic tests in infectious disease diagnostics (Biogen, Zagreb, Croatia) obtained from the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology at the University Hospital of Split. The data processed include both respiratory and gastrointestinal infectious diseases, which were caused by bacteria and viruses. The pathogens of respiratory infections included in the testing were respiratory adenoviruses, RSV, S. pyogenes, influenzas type A and B and SARS-CoV-2. The samples used for testing were nasopharyngeal aspirates, nasopharyngeal swabs, pharyngeal swabs and nasopharyngeal lavages. The pathogens of gastrointestinal infections included were intestinal adenoviruses, H. pylori, norovirus, rotavirus and C. difficile. The sample used for testing was a stool sample of the patients. The data was processed with the Microsoft Office software family (Microsoft, Redmond, WA).
Results: Total of 1745 POC immunochromatographic tests for determining the causes of respiratory infections were done. Most of the tests were performed for influenza A and B antigens (554 in total), and the smallest number of tests (31) was done to prove SARS-CoV-2 antigens. The majority of positive results was for the SARS-CoV-2 antigen (29,03%), while the smallest number of them was for the respiratory adenovirus antigens (1,85%). A difference in the share of positives results in relation to the sample used was also noted: for adenoviruses in the nasopharyngeal aspirates (18,18%) in comparison to the nasopharyngeal swabs (0,41%), RSV in the nasopharyngeal aspirates (9,09%) in comparison to the nasopharyngeal swabs (21,95%). The total number of tests performed for the gastrointestinal pathogens in 2020 was 6607. The majority of the positive results was for the toxigenic C. difficile (24,51%) and the smallest number was for intestinal adenoviruses (1,57%). Most of the tests were done for C. difficile, however, approximately the same amount was done on other pathogens.
Conclusion: In 2020 at the University Hospital of Split most of the POC immunochromatographic tests were done to determine the cause of gastrointestinal infections. The majority of them were performed for the toxigenic C. difficile. The smallest number was performed for SARS-CoV-2 and S. pyogenes. The biggest share of positive results was noticed for SARS-CoV-2 and C. difficile, while the smallest number was for respiratory and intestinal adenovirusues. |
